中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
2025年全国油茶种植面积将达9000万亩，产能200万吨****** 光明网讯“到2025年，全国油茶种植面积达到9000万亩以上，茶油产能达到200万吨。”日前，国家林业和草原局、国家发展和改革委员会、财政部联合印发《加快油茶产业发展三年行动方案（2023—2025年）》，明确油茶产业发展目标。 行动方案要求2023—2025年，完成新增油茶种植1917万亩、改造低产林1275.9万亩。统筹考虑15个适宜种植油茶省（自治区、直辖市）的自然条件和发展历史、现状、潜力等因素，按照核心发展区和重点拓展区布局未来3年的油茶发展任务。
2022年12月15日，湖南省永州市道县审章塘瑶族乡审章塘村油茶花开，满山满坡，十分壮观。（周凡 摄/光明图片） 核心发展区包括湖南、江西、广西、湖北、广东、福建、浙江、贵州8个省区的近600个县，计划新增油茶种植1488.5万亩、改造低产林1110.6万亩，分别占全国新增、改造任务的77.6%、87%。重点拓展区包括云南、海南、河南、重庆、四川、安徽、陕西7个省市的近200个县，计划新增油茶种植428.5万亩、改造低产林165.3万亩，占全国新增、改造任务的22.4%、13%。 行动方案按照政府引导、市场主导的原则，以扩面提质增效为主线，突出创新驱动、示范带动、科学经营、强链延链，部署了6项重点任务。 要求加快建设高标准油茶林。抓好重点县示范引领，计划在全国建设200个油茶生产重点县，打造规模化、标准化示范种植基地。到2025年，全国高标准油茶林面积预计达到4000万亩左右。进入盛果期后，亩均茶油产量在40公斤左右。 推进良种繁育基地建设。加强种质资源保护，加大良种壮苗培育推广力度，严格品种管理和市场监管。将建设全国油茶种苗质量追溯平台，组织开展监督抽查和质量监测，确保油茶种植和低产林改造良种使用率达100%。 优化加工生产布局。加快油茶收储中心建设，实现就地就近加工转化。因地制宜建设油茶农庄，布局建设一批产加销一体、品牌效应突出、集群化发展的油茶产业示范园；聚焦重点区域，打造区域油茶产业集群；促进油茶产业与旅游、休闲、文化、康养等产业融合发展。 此外，行动方案还从加强科技创新推广转化、鼓励适度规模经营、加强品牌建设等方面作出部署。明确了支持政策，建立健全油茶生产用地、财政资金、金融信贷等支持政策体系。同时，要加强组织领导，明确职责分工，实行专人专管、强化监督考核，实施精细管理，确保关于油茶产业发展的决策部署落到实处。（记者 张佳兴） 盈彩网地图 |
